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Anna University Chennai
Department of CIVIL Engineering
3rd Semester
(Regulation 2008/2010)
Year of Course : 2
Syllabus : Anna university regulation 2008/2010
Subject Code : CE 2207 / CE 1206
Title of the Subject: Surveying Practical - 1
Number of Pages in attachment (Images): 19
Lab Material Description : Anna University, CE 2207 / CE 1206 Surveying Practical -1 Manual for Regulation 2008 and 2010. It may be used for Regulation 2013 as well, Code in R-2013 is CE6304
SURVEYING
Definition
Surveying is defined as an art of determining the relative positions of points on,
above or beneath the surface of the earth by measurements of horizontal and vertical
distance, angles and directions.
Object
The primary object of a survey is the preparation of a plan (or) map.
Uses of Surveying
Surveying may be regarded as an art and science of map making. All engineering and construction projects extending over large areas, such as highways, railways, irrigation, water supply etc, are based upon elaborate and complete surveys. In all engineering projects the preparation of accurate plans and sections is the first necessity.
Primary divisions of surveying
Surveying may be divided into two classes
1) Plane surveying
2) Geodetic surveying
Plane surveying
In plane surveying the curvature of the earth is not taken into account, as the surveys extent over small areas. The degree of accuracy required in this type of surveying is comparatively low. If the area of survey is less than 150sq.km is considered as plane. Plane surveys are done for engineering projects on large scale such as factories, bridges, dams, highways,railways,etc., and also for establishing boundaries.
Geodetic Survey
In geodetic surveying, also called trigonometrical surveying, it is necessary to take into account the curvature of the earth, since large distances and areas are covered. The geodetic surveying deals in fixing widely spaced control points, it is carried out by great trignometrical survey dependent of India.
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